Women at Nuremberg: Prosecutors

As promised, the 1st in a series about women at the Nuremberg trials:
Readers may recall that for months we at IntLawGrrls have stayed on the trail of women who served on the team that prosecuted defendants before the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. The quest was launched by Diane Orentlicher, who's assumed the IntLawGrrl nom de plume of "Beatrice" in recognition of a conversation that our colleague Patricia Viseur-Sellers had with IMT prosecutor Benjamin Ferencz; he said

that, along with another woman whose name he could not recall, 'Beatrice' was part of the Nuremberg Prosecution team.

Later, another source relayed a story that 1 of the women at Nuremberg was married to a male prosecutor, a fact the couple tried to keep quiet.
Sleuthing's led us to believe that Ferencz might've had in mind Cecelia H. Goetz, a New Yorker who appeared before the bench during the "industrialists" trial of Alfred Krupp. Other names of women prosecutors at Nuremberg also have surfaced: Phillis Heller Rosenthal, Belle Mayer Zeck, and Mary Kaufman.
Questions remain:
Were those 4 all the women who prosecuted at Nuremberg? These are Americans -- did women work with the Russian, English, or French teams? And what of "Beatrice"?
According to a slim but excellent volume I picked up this summer at Nuremberg, the answer to the 1st question quite clearly is "no."
In his German-English book Nürnberger Prozesse - Nuremberg Trials (2001), Peter Heigl writes:

[I]t is interesting to point out that staffs were comprised about equally of both genders, with the exception of the all-male judges and the prosecutors and defense lawyers; at the follow-up trials there were three female prosecutors and a few female defendants. (pp. 52-53)

The only 1 of those "3" prosecutors whom Heigl gives a name is altogether new: Dorothea G. Minskoff, pictured above next to a defense attorney at a Ministries case hearing. No other names're mentioned, nor any more information given.
A 1948 directory of IMT personnel, however, provides additional clues. Goetz is listed, as is to be expected, and Mary Kaufman, too. But the only Mayer was named Hilde, and neither Heller nor Rosenthal is there. An interesting find: the listing for Dorothea G. Minskoff reveals her at the same address as Emanuel Minskoff, a prosecutor in the I.G. Farben case. Is this the couple mentioned in the story above?
Even more intriguing, 2 women named Beatrice served at IMT in 1948, Beatrice E. Benford and Beatrice O. Bushnell. Might 1 be our "Beatrice"?

Still to come in this Women at Nuremberg series: Staffers, Press, Witnesses, and, alas, those Defendants.

"Beatrice" = "Ceil Goetz"?

In an exchange prompted by the New York Times’ reference to Nuremberg lawyer Phillis Heller (see my most recent post), Nuremberg Prosecutor Benjamin Ferencz provided a crucial lead concerning my identity. Recalling his conversation with the person who helped (re)discover me, Mr. Ferencz says: “My guess is that we talked about Cecilia Goetz, who was one of the attorneys assigned to work on the case against Alfried Krupp.” (She is pictured at left addressing the tribunal during Krupp, 1 of the "industrialists" cases tried at Nuremberg.)
“During the trial by the International Military Tribunal conducted by the US, UK, USSR and France,” he continued, “I do not recall having seen a female in the courtroom as either prosecutor, defense counsel or judge. In the 12 ‘Subsequent Proceedings’ run by the US at Nuremberg, there was no female on the bench nor as defense counsel selected by the accused.” But, Mr. Ferencz added, he recalled 3 women who served on the prosecution team in the “Subsequent Proceedings” at Nuremberg—Mary Kaufman, Belle Mayer Zeck, and Ms. Goetz, known as “Ceil.”
A profile of in the alumni magazine of New York University Law School, where Cecelia Goetz was editor-in-chief of the law review, describes her journey from the Solicitor’s Office of the Department of Justice to Nuremberg:

At the Department of Justice, Goetz became the first woman ever to be offered a supervisory role. She declined this in favor of joining the prosecution team at the Nuremberg Trials. She had been following the reports of human rights abuses during World War II and very much wanted the opportunity to take part in bringing the perpetrators of the abuses to justice. To achieve this took persistence on her part. The War Department did not want women appointed to senior level positions. It was Brigadier General Telford Taylor who recognized her credentials and pushed for her appointment. Goetz spent two years in Nuremberg with the Office of Chief of Counsel for War Crimes, as an associate counsel in the prosecution of the Flick and Krupp cases. Decades later upon reflecting on all of her achievements she still considered the time spent there as the most important work in which she had ever been involved. In retrospect, it was quite an impressive accomplishment considering the barriers that existed. At that time many law schools did not even admit women.

I believe Mr. Ferencz has identified my real name. But I will continue to post under the name Beatrice, now used as a short-hand for of all of the path-breaking women lawyers at Nuremberg—whose real names and contributions deserve to be known, remembered, and honored.